There are many static methods in the Collections class to create Collections that we cannot change. Thus if one is not careful, it is easy to make an unwanted modification. Ordinary Collections such as Lists are mutable by nature. These tools include UnmodifiableCollections, lambda expressions, streams, and method reference. Java 8, however, provided the tools necessary to use these features and improve on the other aspects of functional programming. The one thing lacking was a way to use functions as objects, and subsequently, create higher-order functions. Java was never initially developed to support functional programming.
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An Overview of Java’s Support for Functional Programming This distinction is not very significant for this guide, and we may use the terms “function” and “method” interchangeably. Instead, Java has methods, which are identical to functions but associated with a class or object. Being strictly object-oriented, Java does not have a feature to create a function outside of a class block. This is because functions are not linked to any class or object. It is worth noting that Java technically does not have functions. This is especially important in a world where data is plentiful and critical for society. This isolation makes conflicts between threads impossible.Īnother advantage of functional programming is the convenience it provides when manipulating data. Because of the emphasis on avoiding global side effects, our operations become isolated. One such case is in a multi-threaded environment. This article will focus on this aspect as it is the least intuitive concept.įunctional programming can have huge advantages in some cases.
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In some cases, the use of these functions helps us to condense our code, as seen later. Consequently, this allows us to have functions that accept other functions or higher-order functions. This programming paradigm also has the concept of using functions as objects. Additionally, it uses immutable data structures to avoid changes that cause side effects. It does this by creating pure functions, i.e., functions that don’t cause any global side effects or have consistent outputs for the same input.
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Simultaneously, it emphasizes ensuring the code is safe to use anywhere. Functional Programming is a programming paradigm centered on the structure and use of functions. It’s essential to have a solid understanding of functional programming and its advantages. Introduction What is Functional Programming
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All the features addressed below were introduced from Java 8. This article assumes that you have foundational knowledge up to Java 7. In this article, we will go over functional programming in Java.